cpu_detect: Add additional x86 flags and telemetry

Adds detection of additional CPU flags to cpu_detect and additions to telemetry output.

This is not exhaustive but guided by features that [dynarmic utilizes](https://github.com/merryhime/dynarmic/blob/bcfe377aaa5138af740e90af5be7a7dff7b62a52/src/dynarmic/backend/x64/host_feature.h#L12-L33) as well as features that are currently utilized but not reported to telemetry(invariant_tsc). This is intended to guide future optimizations.

AVX512 in particular is broken up into its individual subsets and some other processor features such as [sha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_SHA_extensions) and [gfni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVX-512#GFNI) are added to have some forward-facing data-points.

What used to be a single `CPU_Extension_x64_AVX512` telemetry field
is also broken up into individual `CPU_Extension_x64_AVX512{F,VL,CD,...}` fields.